Role Of Data Mining On E Commerce - 3020 Words

NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL In collaboration with RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA Master of Science In Cyber Law Information Security Semester – III Session: 2014-15 Security Architecture and Models (Paper - I) Role of Data Mining in E-Commerce Submitted to: Mr. Atul Kumar Pandey Asst. Professor Submitted by: Rehan Umar Khan 2013MSCLIS20 Abstract: In India E-commerce has emerged as one of the fastest growing industry in past few years. We are witnessing its exponential growth due to many advantages that it carries over the traditional method of shopping like time saving, cheaper products, efficient services etc. But there is one more thing which works in the background and is one of the most important factor in determining the popularity of an E-commerce website and that is Data mining or Web mining techniques. It is very important to understand the behavior of the users, their patterns of visiting a product of category of products and many other things that falls under Data mining. In this paper I have tried to discuss the role of data mining in E-commerce, categories of data mining, its applications and some issues. Table of Contents Introduction: 4 Web Data Mining 5 †¢ Web Content Mining 5 †¢ Web Structure Mining 5 †¢ Web Usage Mining 5 Pattern Discovery Techniques 7 1. Path Analysis 7 2. Association Rules 8 3. Sequential Patterns 8 4. Decision Trees 8 5. Clustering 8 6. Cookies 9 Applications of Data Mining: 9 Issues inShow MoreRelatedDatabase Technology : Data Mining869 Words   |  4 PagesF00437246 Data mining: Quickly extending subject that is nearly connected with database technology is Data mining, which comprises of methods for finding patterns in a collected data. Data mining is a logical procedure of recognizing valuable patterns in large databases. It uses tools from the Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, prediction is the key goal of data mining. Data mining investigates vast databases and predicts the results helpful for arranging future in organizations. Data mining playsRead MoreNotes On Web Usage Mining1615 Words   |  7 Pages2. WEB USAGE MINING Data mining techniques can be mainly divided into three categories: Web structural mining, Web Content mining and web usage mining. Web structural mining is used to discover structure from data available on web like hyperlinks and documents. It can be helpful to the user for navigating within documents as mining can be done to retrieve intra and inter hyperlinks and DOM structure out of documents. Web Content mining can be used to extract information from the data available onRead MoreTraditional Data Mining Applications Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesTraditional data mining applications had a great deal of attention on helping business gain well than others of a comparable nature. 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However, in this study, e-payment refers to all electronic transactions as payment for goods andRead MoreE Business Application Development : Texas A M University1957 Words   |  8 Pages E-Business / Commerce Trust, Security, Privacy Scottie Baker, BCS CISK 580, Fall 2014 E-Business Application Development Dr. Chennamaneni Texas AM University - Central Texas Author Note Programs are easier to write than papers for some of us students, myself included. 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Essay on A Light in the Darkness Modernist Writing

The modernist period was a time of change. After World War II many people found themselves unhappy, lonely, and depressed. With the groundbreaking influences of Karl Marx, Freud, and Nietzsche, many people began to question their own reality. What did it mean to exist? What was life, and what was death? The modernist author reflected this change, and confronted these questions with enthusiasm. Together modernist artists became the representative voice of the people. This voice transcended all forms of art, but was most successful in the written word. Through the experimentation of language and form, the modernist author managed to convey the meaninglessness felt by many, and created a light in the darkness of an uncertain world. Ernest†¦show more content†¦Nietzsche was highly influential during the modernist period and believed that there was no point to life, that God did not exist, and believed that nothing outside our own reflections existed. This theory was highly influ ential during the modernist period because people could not come to terms with their own existence. The War had taken so many lives, that it seemed unjust for any God to allow such a thing to occur. People could not understand why some died and others did not. It was easier to believe in chaos, and random chance, then to believe in a destined world that would allow so many to be slaughtered at war. At one point in Hemingways story, the older waiter recites the Lords Prayer, but replaces every second word with nada, meaning nothing. It was all nothing, and man was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanliness and order. (Ernest Hemingway, A Clean Well-Lighted Place, pg 300) throughout the story every character faces this fact, except for the young waiter who has not yet seen the darkness shared by the elder waiter and old man. The Waiters and the old man represent the three stages of life, youth, middle age, and old age. The young waiter is confident, impatient, ignorant, and has a young wife waiting for him at home. He is distracted by many things and does not yet fear the infinite darkness of life. The other waiter is older and does not have anythingShow MoreRelated The Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte was first published in 1847, during the Victorian Era. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was first published as a complete novel in 1902, beginning what is referred to as the Modernist Era in literature. Each of these compelling stories is narrated by an uninvolved character who is quoting a story told to them by a character who actually participated in the story being told. There areRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1321 Words   |  6 PagesIn what is considered to be one of his most important works, Joseph Conrad pulls largely from his own experience in the Congo Free State. Heart of Darkness tells the story of Englishman Charles Marlow and his adventure as a steamship captain on the Congo River to rescue Mr. Kurtz, an ivory trader living deep in the jungle. Conrad is quoted as having said, â€Å"My task is, above all, to make you see.† His experience of seeing inhuman slave labor and the ruthless search for ivory in Belgian King LeopoldRead More Modernism Essay examples3205 Words   |  13 Pagessimilar statement about 1915: It was 1915 the old world ended. (Hurt and Wilkie 1444). The importance of the exact dates of the Modernist period are not so relevant as the fact that new ideas were implemented in the era. Ideas that had never before been approached in the world of literature suddenly began emerging in the works of many great authors. Two of the pioneer Modernist writers were Joseph Conrad and T.S. Eliot. The tendencies to question the incontestable beliefs embedded in all thinking andRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness And The The Mystic Masseur 1544 Words   |  7 Pages In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and V.S. Naipaul’s The Mystic Masseur, the concept of modernism is established through two supporting characters, both of which have only brief physical interactions with our protagonists. Kurtz, from Heart of Darkness, and Mr. Stewart, from The Mystic Masseur, both represent the idea of modernism through both their beliefs and their actions, in a time when modernism was finding its footprints and was viewed differently to those foreign to the movementRead MoreDorothy Parker : The Feminist Movement1306 Words   |  6 Pages Dorothy Parker An Inspiration Dorothy Parker was a famous poet who lived from August twenty-second, 1893 to June first, 1967. From the feminist movement in 1848, to the modernist movement and the jazz age in the twentieth century, Dorothy Parker made a long lasting impact, and was also an inspiration to both movements. Dorothy parker’s common themes were anxiety and female passivity which shined through many of her poems. Dorothy Parker was born two monthsRead More The Limits of Language in Heart of Darkness Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Limits of Language in Heart of Darkness From the very beginning of Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad traps us in a complex play of language, where eloquence is little more than a tool to obscure horrific moral shortcomings. Hazy, absurd descriptions, frame narratives, and a surreal sense of Saussurean structural linguistics create distance from an ever-elusive center, to show that language is incapable of adequately or directly revealing truth. Understanding instead occurs in the margins andRead MoreChange in American Social Values in Thomas Mertons Rain and the Rhinoceros and Fire Watch1697 Words   |  7 Pagesthe case of Merton, and such is not the case of Merton. Why, then, did Merton wish to write about controversial topics in Christianity while at the same time wishing to live a life devoted to contemplation and solitude? The vast majority of his writings focus on everyday topics: his life, his daily thoughts, pity. While even the published contemplations focused upon the individual, one could only suppose that Merton was, in fact, speaking to the reader directly. He sought to focus upon the individualRead MoreEssay about The Descriptiveness of Conrads Heart of Darkness1347 Words   |  6 PagesHeart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad in 1902. Before it was published it appeared in a 3-part series in Blackwood’s magazine. The story tells of a detailed incident when Marlow who takes over the assignment of the captain of a ferry-boat travels into the darkness. He was employed by the Belgian Trading company. Marlow is employed to transport ivory downriver; however while doing his job, he comes across a person called Kurtz to wh om he has to give the ivories after he have collected themRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pageshis end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernism as a literary movement, that makes of Eliot’s poetry very typically modernist. As Ezra Pound once famously stated, Eliot truly did â€Å"modernize himself†. Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of his career, all of it is characterized by many unifying aspects typical of modernism. It employsRead MoreEssay on Modernism and New Criticism2997 Words   |  12 Pagesshouldn’t the type of criticism we used for a book be based on that time period? Defining the Modernist Era of literature seems almost impossible, since the definition of modernism often seems to constitute anything from being â€Å"new and common† to â€Å"new and uncommon† (Barzun). This term seems to be able to stretch from the 1500’s to present; but for the sake of this essay the Modernist Era in question is that from the early twentieth century (circa 1910-1940’s). Out of, and during, this

Forms of Mediating Effects-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss Mediator Plays Important roles in the Conceptual Model. Answer: Introduction Mediation generally means to an intermediation, in which one variable bridge the gap between two variables and tries to find out the relationship between both. In other terms, mediation is a causal model explaining the process of why and how a cause-and-effect happens (VanderWeele, 2016). Thus, it can be significantly quoted that meditational analysis tries to find out the process that leads an independent variable to the dependent. The independent variable is further perceived as a cause to be a dependent variable on the mediating factor. The researcher has argued that when to discuss of mediation, it is important to understand two main models that exist, one is theoretical, and on the other hand, one is corresponding (Valeri and VanderWeele, 2013). Both are used to access the relationship between two random variables. However, inferring the true state of mediation from observations is a challenging task for researchers. To simplify the theory and to find the most suitable relation among random variables, a third variable is used which is called as mediating variable (Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators. 2015). The conceptual models are designed on the basis of establishing a relationship between the variable, however, sometimes it becomes difficult to make and direct relationship between dependent and independent variable (Preacher, 2015). In such situations, mediating factors of variable become useful and are designed to drag the findings while supporting independent variable. The role of mediating analysis is essential to determine whether or not mediators are useful when to find out a relationship between two variables X and Y. The study attempts to know the role of mediating factor/ variable in the conceptual model. The present study is based on the description of determining roles of mediator in the conceptual model by considering the approach of Baron Kenny and Preacher Hayes. It will include practical examples of mediation by considering previous studies of various research scholars. Identification Of Problem And Justification The main issues of here with study are to find out how important a mediating variable is to establish a conceptual model. A conceptual model contains two main variables one is dependent and second one is independent. For example, colleges authorities use the time put be students of study in a day (independent variable) to get higher marks in the exams (dependent variables). However, there is a need of putting mediator variable in the framework like as other factors affecting study hours. The example given in the above section represents the need of mediating variable for establishing a conceptual framework on which basis the objectives of an investigation can be attained (Fairchild and McDaniel, 2017). The study attempts to know how a mediator variable of the hypothesis is used to establish an effective relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable so that relationship can be explained better through a conceptual model. The problem of this study is justified a s it is a fact that conceptual framework/ model in a research investigation need to be clear in terms of explaining the relationship between variable. So the question is how a mediating variable helps research to create an effective conceptual model. Significance of study A conceptual model is the foremost requirement of academic and professional researchers; however, the role of mediating factors cannot be neglected from research area (Preacher, 2015). This research is going to explain the role of mediating factors in the conceptual model. The significance of the findings of the present investigation will be for students, academicians as well as research scholars as they can gain an understanding of the concept of mediator and different forms of mediating factors. Various techniques of mediating effect are explained in this researcher along with examples so that reader can gain sufficient knowledge of the subject and can apply it in their future studies. Research objectives To study the concept of mediator and the different forms of mediating effects To extract understanding of various assessment techniques for mediating effect Research question What role does a mediating factor/ variable play in the conceptual model? Study Of Literary Aspects (Literature Review) Concept of mediator and different forms of mediating effects Instatistics, a model ofmediation refers to identification and explanation of the mechanism which triggers an observed connection between anindependent variableand adependent variablethrough the addition of a third theoretical variable referred as amediator variable. It mainly consists two types of effects that are direct and indirect effect. In accordance with the study of Zhao and Co-authors (2010), mediation and its effect can be understood by the following diagram: In the above diagram, the indirect effect is the result of path coefficients both "A" and "B". Coefficient C is the direct effect. The direct effect is calculating the level through which dependable variable vary when the independent variable is making an increase by one unit, leaving no effect on mediator variable (Shrout, and Bolger, 2002). On the other hand, the indirect effect calculates the level by which dependent variable takes changes when the in independent variable seems rigid and variable of mediator changes with the amount it would have altered the increase of independent variable by one unit.In linear systems, the overall effect is equivalent to a total of the direct and indirect effects (C + ABin the model above). But in nonlinear models, the overall effect is not commonly equivalent to the subtotal of the direct and indirect effects, but then again to an adapted arrangement of the two. Assessment technique of mediating effect based on the Baron Kenny approach Baron Kenny's process shows the description of the analyses which are essential for testing the diverse mediational hypothesis. Study of Kristeller (2003) shows that their model has been based on four primary steps. In the first step of Baron Kenny's procedures, the researcher should be aware of the fact that the primary variable is considered as correlated with the effect variable. Putting it differently, the first stage in Baron Kenny's process is engaged in the establishment of an outcome which might be mediated. In the second step of Baron Kenny's procedures, the researcher should be made known about the primary variable is considered as correlated with the mediator. More simply, the second stage in Baron Kenny's process is engaged in treating a variable of the mediator as an effect variable. Thirdly in Baron Kenny's procedures, engages in the establishment concerning the correlation between the outcome variable and the mediator variable. At this stage of Baron Kenny's procedures, the existence of a correlation is there between the outcome and the mediator variable it is because both are the result of the initial variable (Lutz and et.al. 2008). Put in other words, in Baron Kenny's procedures, controlling of the initial variable must be done during the establishment of the correlation between the two variables. Fourth, last but not the least in Baron Kenny's procedures, it engages the establishment of the total mediation all over the variables. It is the last stage of Baron Kenny's procedures and can simply be attained if the involvement of the primary variable upon effect variable at the same time control over mediator variable is zero. In accordance with the view point of Hayes and Preacher (2014), all the above, four steps of Baron Kenny's procedures are attained. As a result the data will be reliable and relevant along with the mediational hypothesis. In case first three steps of Baron Kenny's process are fulfilled, then incomplete mediation will be noticed in data. In this aspect, study of Sinclair and Co-authors (2013) shows that the researcher must always pay attention to the complete satisfaction of all four steps involved in Baron Kenny's procedures, if it still no inclusive of the fact that mediation has happened as there are other fewer conceivable models which are consistent with the data. Related to this, the study of Wolcott and Co-authors (2016) opined that outcome variable causes the mediator variable within mediation hypothesis. This occurs if the initial variable is a controlled variable, mediator variable cannot be caused whether by the mediator or the outcome variables in the mediational hypothesis. Conversely, as the mediator and the outcome variables are not controlled, they might cause one another in the mediational hypothesis. Research work of () suggests that it is forever reasonable to switch the mediator variable and the outcome variable and cover effect cause in the mediational hypothesis. A discussion was made by Baron and Kenny that various analyses must be done and the outcome evaluated in context to the criterion. These criteria are evaluated by measuring the following equations: if I am observed as intercept coefficient. Where the outcome of X upon Y declines to zero along with the addition of M, thus perfect mediations occurs, this situation is called as complete mediation (Skiera and et.al. 2017). When the outcome of X upon Y declines by a significant amount, but not decreases to zero, partial mediation occurs. In order to fulfil these requirements, two assumptions should be met in addition to state that mediation has taken place. In accordance with Baron and Kelly, no extent error must be there in M, and Y must not cause to M. these first assumptions are generally violated, as this is not discussed above. Ultimately, the legitimacy of ones conclusions regarding mediation is determined on the basis of the design of the study as much as by considering the statist ical criteria. Example of interpretation of mediation analysis as per Baron Kenny approach In the study of Kayser and Co-authors (2016) example has been provided that, to address the issue of gender discrimination, a policy maker might contemplate evaluating the level to which gender discrimination in recruitment could be mitigated by not basing the decisions on gender compared with removing inequality in job qualifications and education. The latter is concerned with indirect impact or the impact mediated through job qualifications while the former is focused on the direct impact of gender on recruitment. This example exhibits two crucial components of modern mediation assessment. Firstly, the indirect impact is not just a modelling artefact created by suggestive blends of parameters, rather an internal property of reality which has material implications. Secondly, the policy decisions mentioned in this example are concerned with allowing and disallowing processes instead of reducing or increasing values of particular variables. Hence, the two considerations result in the assessment of natural direct and indirect impacts. Research work of Muller and Co-authors (2005) shows that for instance, there could be a situation wherein the cumulative impact is shadowed by the fact that two groups of individuals e.g. men and women vary in their relationships between X and Y. If these two sets are signified in corresponding numbers, and their relationship strength is also of equivalent magnitude (although in opposite directions), they are likely to cancel each other out. Likewise, if a sub-group of individuals that demonstrate non-important relationships between X and Y are represented overtly within a sample, then this is the reason of a non-significant total impact. Though it is proposed by Baron and Kenny that mediator must always forecast dependent variable, one must recognize that a significant relationship between X and Y can result in huge standard errors for the mediator and have a negative effect on such causal step. Study of Bauman (2002) shows that as the association between hours since dawn and waking up is no longer important when controlling for consumption of coffee, this tells that coffee consumption mediates this relationship. Nonetheless, only this method cannot allow for a formalized test of the indirect impact. Hence, it is not known if any modification in this relationship is actually worthwhile. There are two main techniques to formally test the importance of indirect test: Bootstrapping and the Sobel test. In this situation, it can now be confirmed that the relationship between time since dawn and waking up are mediated significantly by coffee consumption. Assessment technique of mediating effect based on the Preacher Hayes approach The approach of Preacher Hayes regarding mediation process can be understood through the study of Kraemer (2002). As shown in the figure in Panel A shows the outcome of the certain planned cause (X) upon effect (Y). Further, in Panel B shows mediations simplest form the in which the form that takes place when (M) one variable mediates the outcome of X upon Y. by considering this, this model has been referred as simple mediation. The possibility of More complex mediation models is there; preference is given simple mediation as it is the most effective and utilized type of mediation model. The plain relationships between both X and Y are sometimes termed as the total outcome of X upon Y (in Fig1 Panel A) representing the total outcome C to differentiate it as of c, the effect of X on Y after manipulating M (panel B). Detection of simple mediation effect is often done by the analysis of formal heuristic; effects are clear-cut and directly follow the term of a mediator offered by Baron and Kenny. Consideration of Variable (M) as a mediator is made if X considerably forecasts Y that is, Figure 1, c 0, or X considerably forecasts M that is, figure 1, a 0, or M considerably forecast Y is manipulating for X that is, figure 1, b 0. Example of interpretation of mediation analysis as per Preacher Hayes approach Study of Kayser and Co-authors (2016) shows example regarding the interpretation of mediation analysis as per Preacher Hayes approach when z is placed to 3000 after then the bootstraps approx is considered on the basis of 3000 resample. When z is placed to 0 (any of the number minimum to 1000), further the module of bootstrapping is disabled. This will create productivity to Sobel test, which must be as similar as what obtained if performing the Sobel generally, also the bootstrap result has been provided in indirect effect. Describes the effect s.e., and the confidence intervals are 95%. If is not inclusive of zero then the indirect effect is considered as sig @ p .05. As recommendation given to small samples, the nonparametric bootstrapping analysis is used to examine the model of mediation of moral outrage as mediator relationship between myth and behaviour with Aboriginal Australians. In these analyses, mediation is considerable when 95% partially corrected and increased intervals of confidence for indirect effect and is not inclusive of 0. Outcomes are based on 10000 samples of bootstrapped and shows the total effect of myth and behaviours with Aboriginal Australians was considerable (TE=-2.68, SE=1.30,p=.041), But the direct effect was not (DE=-.80, SE=1.18,p=.498). In accordance with the research work of Muller and Co-authors (2005), in Preacher Hayes approach bias creates a negative impact on comfort but at the same time, it creates a negative impact through rising identification. However, discrimination improves identification and creates a positive impact on security and comfort. So the total zero-array can be ns, considerably coefficients take place from the fourth if the mediator is manipulated and a considerable indirect effect in opposed way is found when meditational analyses are performed. Proposing such model on theory basis, and examine the importance of indirect effect along with bootstrapping or Sobel. Despite from general mediation analysis individual is not required to present the IV predicts the DV in Block 1 but there is essential to present the IV predicts to the suppressor, as there is a major indirect effect of IV - DV through the suppressor. As per the study of Preacher (2015), covlistincludes a full listing of covariate variables, and in the cov list, cov is the numeral of covariate variables, z is the numeral of preferred resamples of bootstraps willing to increase to 1000 (example boot is equal to 2000 yield, and 2000 resamples of bootstrap; put it to zero to disable bootstrapping), ci is the expect level of confidence, setting of p to 1 in order to issue percentile intervals of confidence, setting of b to 1 in order to issue discriminatory-corrected and familiar intervals of confidence, setting of n to 1 to assess printing of general theory tests outcomes and setting of t to 1 to perform all likely identical contrast in indirect effects. In case any of the claims are not supplied, using of default values will be done (the defaults are c = 0, z = 1000, ci = 95, p = 0, b =0, d = 1, n = 0, t = 0). Mark carefully that when c is set to 0, then it estimated that there would be no listing of variables in cov, and after M all listing of variables m = will be considered as possible mediators.If availability of covariates is there, then printing of normal theory results will not be done. Use the similar approach, but only include a clause regarding covariates: More briefly, Mediation analyses are totally based on 3000 sample of bootstraps with the use of discriminatory- corrected and increased at 95% confidence intervals demonstrate that manipulating for covariate effect, and IV predicts a considerable indirect effect upon DV through the mediator [LL=, UL=]. As described above, LL and UL are a phrase for both the upper and lower level of confidence intervals. The online macro outputs partiality-corrected and increases confidence intervals. By considering the importance of testing is apparently more strong in the face of distribution issues common to small samples. Conclusion In the present study, the researcher aims to determine roles of mediator in the conceptual model by considering the approach of Baron Kenny and Preacher Hayes. The study shows that mediational hypotheses are a type of hypotheses by which assumption of the influence of an independent variable upon a dependent variable is mediated by the procedure of a mediating variable, and the independent variable might still influence the independent variable. Especially, in the mediational hypothesis, mediator variable is the prevailing or method variable. It presumes the full mediation in the variables. It means that the independent variable not at all influence the dependable variable once the mediator variable has inhibited it References Books and Journals Bauman, A.E., Sallis, J.F., Dzewaltowski, D.A. and Owen, N., 2002. Toward a better understanding of the influences on physical activity: the role of determinants, correlates, causal variables, mediators, moderators, and confounders.American journal of preventive medicine,23(2), pp.5-14. Dearing, E. and Hamilton, L.C., 2006. V. Contemporary advances and classic advice for analyzing mediating and moderating variables.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development,71(3), pp.88-104. Hayes, A.F. and Preacher, K.J., 2014. Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable.British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology,67(3), pp.451-470. Kayser, D.N., Graupmann, V., Fryer, J.W. and Frey, D., 2016. Threat to Freedom and the Detrimental Effect of Avoidance Goal Frames: Reactance as a Mediating Variable.Frontiers in psychology,7. Kraemer, H.C., Wilson, G.T., Fairburn, C.G. and Agras, W.S., 2002. Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials.Archives of general psychiatry,59(10), pp.877-883. Kristeller, J.L., 2003. Mindfulness, wisdom and eating: Applying a multi-domain model of meditation effects.Journal of constructivism in the human sciences,8(2), pp.107-118. Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T. and Davidson, R.J., 2008. Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise.PloS one,3(3), p.e1897. Muller, D., Judd, C.M. and Yzerbyt, V.Y., 2005. When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated.Journal of personality and social psychology,89(6), p.852. Preacher, K.J., 2015. Advances in mediation analysis: A survey and synthesis of new developments.Annual Review of Psychology,66, pp.825-852. Shrout, P.E. and Bolger, N., 2002. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.Psychological methods,7(4), pp.422-445. Sinclair, J., Taylor, P.J. and Hobbs, S.J., 2013. Alpha level adjustments for multiple dependent variable analyses and their applicabilitya review.Int J Sports Sci Eng,7(1), pp.17-20. Skiera, B., Bayer, E. and Schler, L., 2017. What should be the dependent variable in marketing-related event studies?.International Journal of Research in Marketing. Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators. 2015. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225421729_Understanding_and_Using_Mediators_and_Moderators [Accessed Aug 2, 2017]. Valeri, L. and VanderWeele, T.J., 2013. Mediation analysis allowing for exposuremediator interactions and causal interpretation: Theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros.Psychological methods,18(2), p.137. VanderWeele, T.J., 2016. Mediation analysis: a practitioner's guide.Annual review of public health,37, pp.17-32. Wolcott, H.N., Fouch, M.J., Hsu, E.R., DiJoseph, L.G., Bernaciak, C.A., Corrigan, J.G. and Williams, D.E., 2016. Modeling time-dependent and-independent indicators to facilitate identification of breakthrough research papers.Scientometrics,107(2), pp.807-817. Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J.G. and Chen, Q., 2010. Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis.Journal of consumer research,37(2), pp.197-206.

Nixon Essay free essay sample

He did many accomplishments in his Vice resident and President term but unfortunately he was really known for the Watergate Scandal. Many politicians and Presidents had their own scandals and did things that Americans disapproved of or would if they got caught. John F Kennedy had his women so did Franklin Roosevelt not only that but they may have done even worse things behind close doors. Americans are forgiving people, but unfortunately not for Watergate. Watergate not only made Americans upset or enraged but made them distrust Nixon and other Presidents that came after him.Some people may think that his wasnt a big thing and some know that It was. To me It was huge because with a man In power Like that he abused the law and the ground America stands on. He was trusted and loved by many and for him to do something so stupid is upsetting. We will write a custom essay sample on Nixon Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I am no saint nor is Nixon but you need to make the right decisions when you are in that short time of office. Yes, you may do things that are immoral but you do them to save the American people and behind close doors. Watergate was not one of those is was wrong, and what a shame because he would have one regardless.I think that there was more behind it than Just winning Presidency(main reason why Watergate happened). I believe in 50 year people will still remember Nixon for his Watergate Scandal and not the good deeds he had done. Why you may ask. Unfortunately, that is how our history is taught In school. We remember more and teach more on the bad things people have done In history than the good: most of the time. I think Nixon was a good person but made a really bad decision he was human and made the wrong choices in his position. He knew what happened and I think he had a part in it. Fortunately, Nixon will not ever be known for his accomplishments, but for Watergate. Soviet Union, not only that but when no other President or Vice President were able this wasnt a big thing and some know that it was. To me it was huge because with a man in power like that he abused the law and the ground America stands on. He was is taught in school. We remember more and teach more on the bad things people have done in history than the good: most of the time.